JVM Garbage Collection (G1GC, ZGC) & Memory Tuning

Understand Heap spaces (Eden, Survivor, Tenured), Metaspace, GC algorithms, and heap profiling flags.

JVM Memory Layout & GC Algorithms

Young Generation: Eden Space + Survivor Spaces (S0, S1) for short-lived allocations.
Old (Tenured) Generation: Long-lived objects surviving multiple GC cycles.
Metaspace: Native memory holding class metadata and reflection structures.

java -Xms4g -Xmx4g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -jar app.jar